2025 country profile

How democratic is
Indonesia?

Indonesia scores 55.2 out of 100 and ranks 92 of 179 in our independent 2025 democracy measure. Its lowest-scoring test is political equality. Explore the evidence and history below.

Democracys.org beta estimate, derived from V-Dem v16. A measure of political institutions and conditions—not a percentage of democracy or a judgment of people.

Printable country brief Compare this country

DEMOCRACYS SCORE

55.2out of 100Major democratic constraints

2025 rank92 of 179

10-year change−15.3

25-year change−13.0

Source-bound range47.8–63.1

Weakest areaEquality

The source-bound range is an uncertainty guide, not a confidence interval for this combined score. How to read the range →

SCORE HISTORY

Indonesia, 1975–2025

The shaded area is a plain-language uncertainty guide. Treat small score differences cautiously.

About uncertainty

BEYOND THE NUMBERS

What changed on the ground?

A documented development to help interpret the institutions behind the score.

2024 context · Freedom House assessment

More regional contests offered no opposing candidate

Freedom House reports a sharp increase in unopposed candidates in regional elections. An election may be administratively orderly while offering little effective choice. This development therefore concerns the competitiveness of access to office, rather than simply turnout or whether polling stations opened.

Read the country report · Freedom in the World 2025

AI-assisted source summary · not independently expert-reviewed

What this context does—and does not—explain

This is a selected development, not a complete political history. Its date may differ from the selected comparison period. It is not evidence that one event caused a particular number of points, and it may describe progress even when this index declines.

The scores use V-Dem. The narrative summarizes a separate assessment by Freedom House, whose definitions and coverage differ. Neither organization endorses this website. The summary is AI-assisted, source-linked, and has not received independent country-expert review. Source checked October 5, 2026.

Why democracy measures can disagree →

UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE

What drove the score?

2015–2025 · the measured story

The score for Indonesia fell 15.3 points, from 70.5 to 55.2 between 2015 and 2025. All five areas declined. Elections contributed the largest downward push in the score calculation.

Read the political context ↓

Largest influence on the calculation

Elections

The evidence rates electoral choice, voting rights, political organization, and the space for open debate less favorably.

Area score: 65.4 → 46.2
Approx. contribution to overall change: −4.1 points

Another important influence

Rights and checks

The evidence points toward weaker civil liberties, equality before the law, or constraints on executive power.

Area score: 76.7 → 56.2
Approx. contribution to overall change: −4.0 points

These contributions explain the calculation—not the causes. The five area scores combine several indicators; they do not identify which individual law, election, or event changed.

When did the biggest shifts appear?

The largest year-to-year movements within this period. These are changes in annual estimates, not precise dates of political events.

2019–2020−4.0 points
The overall score fell from 67.4 to 63.4. Political equality supplied the largest downward contribution to that year’s calculated change.
2022–2023−2.2 points
The overall score fell from 61.7 to 59.5. Rights and checks supplied the largest downward contribution to that year’s calculated change.
2024–2025−5.1 points
The overall score fell from 60.3 to 55.2. Political equality supplied the largest downward contribution to that year’s calculated change.

Highest published score in this window: 70.5 in 2015. Small differences may fall within the source’s uncertainty.

See all five areas and how contributions are calculated

Changes in inputs versus contributions to the overall score
Area	2015	2025	Input change	Approx. contribution
Elections	65.4	46.2	−19.2	−4.1
Rights and checks	76.7	56.2	−20.5	−4.0
Political equality	61.4	45.0	−16.4	−3.6
Public reasoning	88.0	73.8	−14.2	−2.5
Participation	62.7	56.9	−5.8	−1.2

We change the five inputs from their starting to ending values in every possible order, then average each area’s effect on the formula. This distributes the formula’s interactions (a Shapley allocation). It is a mathematical attribution, not a causal estimate.

Inputs and published scores are rounded, so contributions are approximate and may not add exactly to the displayed total. No significance test is implied. Read the full scoring method →

BENEATH THE SCORE

Five dimensions of democracy

The headline score cannot show where a political system is strong or constrained. These five tests can. Each has equal weight in the beta standard.

Free and fair elections

Can people choose their leaders through broad voting rights, honest elections, free political groups, and open public debate?

46.2

Rights and checks on power

Are basic freedoms protected, laws applied fairly, courts independent, and leaders prevented from abusing power?

56.2

Public participation

Can people shape public life through civic groups, direct voting, and meaningful local and regional government?

56.9

Public reasoning

Do leaders explain decisions, consult the public, answer opposing arguments, and consider the common good?

73.8

Political equality

Do different social groups have equal rights, access, resources, and a real chance to influence political power?

45.0

HOW TO READ THIS PROFILE

Two kinds of evidence.
One clearer picture.

The score breakdown identifies which parts of the measure changed most. The country report adds documented political context. Together they help explain the institutions at stake—but they do not prove that a specific event produced a specific number of points.

Why this score differs from other democracy indices →

What a declining score can—and cannot—tell us about democratic backsliding

A recent improvement can coexist with a long-term decline. Always compare the dates, check the linked source, and consider developments the selected narrative does not cover.

ANNUAL DATA

Indonesia score table

Download Indonesia CSV

Year	Score	Source-bound range	Elections	Rights & checks	Participation	Reasoning	Equality
2025	55.2	47.8–63.1	46.2	56.2	56.9	73.8	45.0
2024	60.3	53.7–68.2	49.6	60.0	59.0	82.4	52.9
2023	59.5	52.7–66.8	53.8	58.4	60.0	83.8	44.5
2022	61.7	55.2–68.8	56.1	64.7	62.0	82.9	45.9
2021	62.9	57.1–70.2	54.5	69.1	60.2	86.4	47.5
2020	63.4	57.1–70.3	56.6	68.5	61.4	88.1	45.9
2019	67.4	61.4–73.9	59.6	74.5	61.0	88.4	56.1
2018	68.3	62.7–75.1	59.9	75.0	62.3	87.2	59.3
2017	68.9	63.6–75.4	62.7	75.0	61.9	86.9	59.7
2016	69.7	64.3–76.3	63.9	75.8	62.7	86.6	60.9
2015	70.5	64.9–76.5	65.4	76.7	62.7	88.0	61.4
2014	69.8	64.0–76.1	65.8	76.0	63.1	87.1	58.7
2013	69.8	64.7–76.4	66.8	75.8	63.0	87.4	58.0
2012	71.8	66.9–77.9	68.5	76.4	60.5	95.0	61.1
2011	71.8	67.4–78.3	68.6	76.3	60.5	95.0	61.2
2010	72.0	67.3–78.1	68.6	77.1	60.5	95.0	61.3
2009	71.0	65.7–76.8	68.4	75.0	60.3	93.6	60.1
2008	71.1	65.7–77.0	70.7	75.0	59.9	92.4	59.8
2007	70.9	65.8–77.2	69.7	74.8	59.9	92.5	59.8
2006	70.6	65.3–76.7	69.6	74.3	59.8	92.5	59.3
2005	70.8	65.7–76.8	70.0	74.0	59.7	92.5	60.3
2004	71.2	66.1–77.0	68.9	74.5	58.6	93.9	62.5
2003	70.7	65.3–76.5	66.6	74.9	58.0	94.1	62.5
2002	70.7	65.5–76.7	66.6	74.8	58.0	94.1	62.5
2001	70.1	64.9–76.3	66.6	73.3	58.0	93.8	61.6
2000	68.2	62.5–75.1	66.6	73.3	49.7	93.5	61.6
1999	65.5	59.5–72.2	55.0	72.0	49.4	93.1	62.2
1998	34.6	26.7–41.3	28.6	25.5	18.8	61.4	46.6
1997	21.0	14.7–25.8	20.0	11.2	9.3	34.7	38.0
1996	20.8	14.7–25.9	19.3	11.1	9.3	33.7	38.8
1995	21.0	14.9–26.2	19.3	11.6	9.3	33.7	38.8
1994	20.9	14.7–26.0	19.3	11.5	9.3	33.7	38.8
1993	20.9	14.7–26.0	19.3	11.5	9.3	33.7	38.8
1992	20.7	14.6–25.8	19.4	11.5	9.8	31.4	38.8
1991	21.1	14.5–25.9	19.5	13.3	9.6	31.2	38.8
1990	21.1	14.4–25.8	19.2	13.3	9.6	31.2	38.8
1989	20.8	14.4–25.7	19.2	13.0	9.6	31.2	37.9
1988	20.8	14.4–25.7	19.2	13.0	9.6	31.2	37.9
1987	21.0	14.4–25.8	19.2	13.5	9.8	31.2	37.9
1986	20.8	14.3–25.5	19.2	13.5	9.5	31.2	36.7
1985	20.8	14.3–25.5	19.2	13.5	9.5	31.2	36.7
1984	20.8	14.3–25.5	19.2	13.7	9.5	31.2	36.7
1983	20.8	14.3–25.5	19.2	13.7	9.5	31.2	36.7
1982	21.1	15.0–26.2	19.2	13.7	9.6	32.6	36.7
1981	21.3	14.8–26.2	19.3	13.6	9.3	34.8	36.4
1980	21.3	14.8–26.3	19.3	13.6	9.3	34.8	36.4
1979	20.8	14.6–26.0	19.3	13.7	9.3	34.8	33.0
1978	20.9	14.5–26.0	19.3	14.3	9.3	34.8	33.0
1977	20.9	14.8–26.1	19.9	14.0	9.6	34.1	33.0
1976	21.8	15.2–27.1	21.7	15.4	10.2	34.1	33.0
1975	21.8	15.2–27.1	21.7	15.4	10.2	34.1	33.0
1974	23.1	16.3–28.8	22.5	15.4	12.6	36.7	33.4
1973	23.0	16.3–28.8	23.0	14.3	12.6	36.7	33.4
1972	22.9	16.2–28.6	23.3	13.9	12.6	36.7	33.4
1971	23.1	16.5–28.7	20.8	13.9	12.6	40.7	33.4
1970	23.7	16.7–28.9	18.9	14.8	13.9	44.5	32.9
1969	23.9	17.6–29.7	19.4	16.8	11.3	49.6	30.2
1968	23.9	17.3–29.4	19.4	16.3	11.3	49.6	30.7
1967	23.8	17.0–29.4	19.4	17.3	11.3	48.3	30.4
1966	24.9	18.2–30.9	19.5	19.3	12.9	47.8	31.7
1965	28.3	21.3–34.7	21.6	22.5	22.0	40.6	37.8
1964	28.7	21.3–34.8	22.4	26.6	22.0	36.9	37.7
1963	28.7	21.3–34.8	22.4	26.6	22.0	36.9	37.7
1962	28.9	21.2–34.9	22.4	27.6	22.0	36.9	37.7
1961	28.9	21.2–34.9	22.4	27.6	22.0	36.9	37.7
1960	29.2	21.5–35.4	24.1	26.9	22.0	36.9	37.7
1959	37.3	29.6–45.1	41.6	30.4	24.1	56.8	37.7
1958	42.9	34.9–50.5	45.9	38.1	23.3	77.3	38.2
1957	48.7	40.6–56.2	53.5	51.6	25.4	83.9	38.2
1956	51.4	43.7–59.0	60.5	54.2	28.0	83.9	39.2
1955	44.4	37.8–50.8	28.1	54.8	28.0	81.4	39.2
1954	43.6	37.1–50.1	26.1	54.1	28.0	80.5	39.2
1953	43.6	37.2–50.1	26.1	54.0	28.0	80.5	39.2
1952	43.5	37.0–49.9	26.1	53.8	28.0	80.5	39.2
1951	43.5	37.0–49.9	26.1	53.8	28.0	80.5	39.2
1950	42.5	36.2–49.0	22.2	53.7	28.0	80.5	39.2
1949	38.4	31.5–44.8	19.7	43.7	27.1	75.8	36.1
1948	35.7	28.5–42.5	16.9	40.4	26.4	71.1	34.0
1947	35.6	28.3–42.3	16.9	39.5	26.4	71.1	34.0
1946	35.4	28.3–42.2	16.9	39.5	26.4	69.7	34.0
1945	20.7	14.5–26.9	11.2	31.3	17.8	39.0	10.9
1944	6.4	2.5–8.9	2.6	9.6	6.3	9.1	6.1
1943	6.4	2.5–8.9	2.6	9.6	6.3	9.1	6.1
1942	6.4	2.6–9.0	2.6	9.6	6.3	9.1	6.1
1941	7.5	3.4–10.3	3.3	11.2	6.3	12.8	5.9
1940	7.5	3.4–10.3	3.3	11.2	6.3	12.8	5.9
1939	7.6	3.5–10.4	3.5	11.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1938	7.6	3.5–10.4	3.5	11.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1937	7.6	3.5–10.4	3.5	11.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1936	7.6	3.5–10.4	3.5	11.7	6.3	12.8	5.9
1935	7.1	3.1–9.6	3.5	8.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1934	7.1	3.1–9.6	3.5	8.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1933	7.1	3.1–9.6	3.5	8.4	6.3	12.8	5.9
1932	7.0	3.2–9.7	3.5	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1931	7.0	3.2–9.7	3.5	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1930	7.1	3.2–9.8	3.8	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1929	7.1	3.2–9.8	3.8	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1928	7.1	3.2–9.8	3.8	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1927	7.2	3.3–9.9	4.2	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1926	7.2	3.3–9.9	4.2	8.3	6.3	12.8	5.9
1925	7.4	3.3–10.1	4.3	8.3	7.0	12.8	5.9
1924	7.4	3.3–10.1	4.3	8.3	7.0	12.8	5.9
1923	7.4	3.3–10.1	4.3	8.3	7.0	12.8	5.9
1922	7.3	3.2–9.9	4.3	8.3	6.5	12.8	5.9
1921	7.3	3.2–9.9	4.3	8.3	6.5	12.8	5.9
1920	7.3	3.2–9.9	4.3	8.3	6.5	12.8	5.9
1919	7.2	3.2–9.9	4.3	8.3	6.1	12.8	5.9
1918	6.1	2.5–8.5	3.7	8.3	6.1	7.1	5.9
1917	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1916	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1915	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1914	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1913	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1912	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1911	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1910	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1909	5.9	2.4–8.1	3.8	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1908	5.9	2.3–8.1	3.7	8.3	6.1	5.8	5.9
1907	5.6	2.2–7.7	3.1	8.3	5.4	5.8	5.9
1906	5.6	2.2–7.7	3.1	8.3	5.4	5.8	5.9
1905	5.4	2.1–7.5	2.5	8.3	5.4	5.8	5.9
1904	5.1	1.8–7.0	2.5	8.3	3.8	5.8	5.9
1903	5.1	1.8–7.0	2.5	8.3	3.8	5.8	5.9
1902	5.1	1.8–7.0	2.5	8.3	3.8	5.8	5.9
1901	5.1	1.8–7.0	2.5	8.3	3.8	5.8	5.9
1900	5.2	1.9–7.3	2.3	8.3	3.8	6.8	5.9

CITE THIS PROFILE

Source and attribution

Democracys.org (2026), “Indonesia Democracy Score, 1900–2025,” Democracys Standard v1.0 beta; derived from Coppedge et al. (2026), V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v16.

Open source DOI

NEARBY IN THE 2025 RANKING

#90Nigeria56.1 #91Honduras55.6 #93Albania55.0 #94Ecuador54.6

All rankings

How democratic isIndonesia?