{"meta":{"title":"Democracys Score v1.0 Beta","methodVersion":"1.0-beta","source":"V-Dem Country-Year Core v16","sourceUrl":"https://www.v-dem.net/media/datasets/V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip","sourceZipSha256":"9055455c4adacd1ad9e78f1a7f3ac0768bdf26992e7651c0602a43ca7bdd4506","sourceDoi":"https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds26","sourcePublished":"2026-03","observationYears":[1900,2025],"generated":"2026-09-03","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","weights":{"electoral":0.2,"liberal":0.2,"participatory":0.2,"deliberative":0.2,"egalitarian":0.2},"formula":"100 × (0.5 × weighted arithmetic mean + 0.5 × weighted geometric mean)","countryCount":179,"observationCount":19215},"country":{"id":6,"code":"CHE","cowCode":225,"name":"Switzerland","slug":"switzerland","history":[{"year":1900,"score":80.8,"lower":77.8,"upper":85.2,"electoral":58.6,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":79.4,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1901,"score":80.8,"lower":77.8,"upper":85.2,"electoral":58.6,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":79.4,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1902,"score":81.9,"lower":78.9,"upper":86.3,"electoral":58.8,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1903,"score":82.1,"lower":79.2,"upper":86.4,"electoral":59.6,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1904,"score":82.1,"lower":79.2,"upper":86.4,"electoral":59.6,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1905,"score":82.2,"lower":79.3,"upper":86.6,"electoral":60.1,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1906,"score":82.1,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1907,"score":82.1,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1908,"score":82.3,"lower":79.3,"upper":86.6,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":85.5,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1909,"score":82.1,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1910,"score":82.1,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1911,"score":82.1,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.9,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":82.7},{"year":1912,"score":82.3,"lower":79.2,"upper":86.6,"electoral":59.7,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.8,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.7},{"year":1913,"score":82.2,"lower":79.1,"upper":86.5,"electoral":59.7,"liberal":92.2,"participatory":84.2,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.7},{"year":1914,"score":82.1,"lower":79,"upper":86.3,"electoral":59.8,"liberal":92.3,"participatory":83.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.7},{"year":1915,"score":81.9,"lower":79,"upper":86.2,"electoral":59.6,"liberal":92.3,"participatory":83.2,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.3},{"year":1916,"score":81.8,"lower":78.9,"upper":86.1,"electoral":59.6,"liberal":92.3,"participatory":82.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.3},{"year":1917,"score":81.6,"lower":78.7,"upper":85.9,"electoral":60,"liberal":92.3,"participatory":81.4,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":83.3},{"year":1918,"score":82.2,"lower":79.6,"upper":86.7,"electoral":60.1,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":83.3,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1919,"score":82,"lower":79.3,"upper":86.4,"electoral":60,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":82.5,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1920,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1921,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1922,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1923,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1924,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1925,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1926,"score":82.9,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.8,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1927,"score":82.9,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.8,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1928,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.7,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1929,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.7,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":93.7,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1930,"score":83,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.7,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.8,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1931,"score":83,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.7,"liberal":92.1,"participatory":85.8,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1932,"score":82.9,"lower":80.3,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.5,"liberal":92,"participatory":85.8,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1933,"score":82.9,"lower":80.3,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.5,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":85.3,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1934,"score":82.8,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.5,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.7,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1935,"score":82.8,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1936,"score":82.8,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.3,"electoral":60.9,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.5,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1937,"score":82.8,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.9,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.2,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1938,"score":82.9,"lower":80.3,"upper":87.4,"electoral":60.9,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1939,"score":82.8,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.6,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1940,"score":82.7,"lower":80,"upper":87.2,"electoral":59.8,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1941,"score":82.7,"lower":80,"upper":87.2,"electoral":59.8,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1942,"score":82.7,"lower":80,"upper":87.2,"electoral":59.8,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1943,"score":82.6,"lower":80,"upper":87.2,"electoral":59.7,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.9,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1944,"score":82.7,"lower":79.9,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.1,"liberal":92.4,"participatory":84.6,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1945,"score":82.7,"lower":80.1,"upper":87.2,"electoral":60.5,"liberal":92.7,"participatory":84.1,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.4},{"year":1946,"score":83.1,"lower":80.2,"upper":87.1,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.7,"participatory":84.1,"deliberative":94.4,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1947,"score":83.3,"lower":80.5,"upper":87.2,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.7,"participatory":84.2,"deliberative":95.6,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1948,"score":83.6,"lower":80.9,"upper":87.4,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.7,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":95.6,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1949,"score":84,"lower":81.4,"upper":87.7,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.7,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":96.7,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1950,"score":84.2,"lower":81.7,"upper":87.6,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1951,"score":84.2,"lower":81.7,"upper":87.6,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1952,"score":84.2,"lower":81.7,"upper":87.7,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1953,"score":84.2,"lower":81.7,"upper":87.7,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1954,"score":84,"lower":81.5,"upper":87.5,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1955,"score":84,"lower":81.5,"upper":87.5,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1956,"score":84,"lower":81.3,"upper":87.4,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1957,"score":84,"lower":81.3,"upper":87.4,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":84.7},{"year":1958,"score":84.2,"lower":81.5,"upper":87.5,"electoral":61.7,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.3},{"year":1959,"score":84.2,"lower":81.5,"upper":87.5,"electoral":61.8,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.3},{"year":1960,"score":84.5,"lower":82.2,"upper":88,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1961,"score":84.3,"lower":82,"upper":87.8,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":85.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1962,"score":84.5,"lower":82.2,"upper":88,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1963,"score":84.5,"lower":82.2,"upper":88,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":92.8,"participatory":86.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1964,"score":84.6,"lower":82.2,"upper":87.9,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":86.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1965,"score":84.6,"lower":82.2,"upper":87.9,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":86.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1966,"score":84.6,"lower":82.2,"upper":87.9,"electoral":62.1,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":86.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1967,"score":84.5,"lower":82.1,"upper":87.8,"electoral":62.3,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":85.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1968,"score":84.6,"lower":82.3,"upper":88,"electoral":62.2,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":86.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1969,"score":84.6,"lower":82.3,"upper":88,"electoral":62.2,"liberal":93.2,"participatory":86.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":85.9},{"year":1970,"score":84.9,"lower":82.7,"upper":88.2,"electoral":62.4,"liberal":93.4,"participatory":86.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":86.9},{"year":1971,"score":85.4,"lower":83.2,"upper":88.3,"electoral":62.8,"liberal":93.4,"participatory":86.5,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":88.8},{"year":1972,"score":90.6,"lower":88.3,"upper":93.9,"electoral":85.5,"liberal":93.4,"participatory":86.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1973,"score":90.6,"lower":88.3,"upper":93.9,"electoral":85.5,"liberal":93.4,"participatory":86.6,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1974,"score":90.6,"lower":88.3,"upper":93.9,"electoral":85.5,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":85.7,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1975,"score":91,"lower":88.7,"upper":94.2,"electoral":85.9,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1976,"score":91,"lower":88.6,"upper":94.1,"electoral":85.7,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1977,"score":91.1,"lower":88.7,"upper":94.2,"electoral":86.3,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1978,"score":91.1,"lower":88.7,"upper":94.2,"electoral":86.3,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":89.8},{"year":1979,"score":91.2,"lower":88.9,"upper":94.3,"electoral":86.3,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.5},{"year":1980,"score":91.4,"lower":89.2,"upper":94.4,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.2,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1981,"score":91.4,"lower":89.3,"upper":94.6,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1982,"score":91.6,"lower":89.5,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.1,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1983,"score":91.6,"lower":89.5,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.1,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1984,"score":91.6,"lower":89.6,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1985,"score":91.6,"lower":89.6,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1986,"score":91.6,"lower":89.6,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1987,"score":91.6,"lower":89.6,"upper":94.8,"electoral":87.1,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1988,"score":91.6,"lower":89.5,"upper":94.9,"electoral":87,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1989,"score":91.7,"lower":89.6,"upper":95,"electoral":87.5,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":90.4},{"year":1990,"score":92.3,"lower":90.2,"upper":95.2,"electoral":88.7,"liberal":94.6,"participatory":88.1,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1991,"score":92.4,"lower":90.4,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.7,"liberal":94.8,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1992,"score":92.3,"lower":90.3,"upper":95.3,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":94.8,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1993,"score":92.4,"lower":90.4,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1994,"score":92.4,"lower":90.4,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1995,"score":92.4,"lower":90.4,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.7,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1996,"score":92.5,"lower":90.6,"upper":95.4,"electoral":89,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1997,"score":92.5,"lower":90.6,"upper":95.4,"electoral":89,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.3},{"year":1998,"score":92.5,"lower":90.7,"upper":95.5,"electoral":89,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.6},{"year":1999,"score":92.4,"lower":90.4,"upper":95.2,"electoral":89,"liberal":95.1,"participatory":87.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":92.6},{"year":2000,"score":92.5,"lower":90.7,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.9,"liberal":95.2,"participatory":87.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2001,"score":92.5,"lower":90.7,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.9,"liberal":95.2,"participatory":87.4,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2002,"score":92.7,"lower":90.9,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.9,"liberal":95.3,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2003,"score":92.8,"lower":91.1,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.8,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2004,"score":92.8,"lower":90.9,"upper":95.5,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2005,"score":92.8,"lower":90.9,"upper":95.5,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2006,"score":92.8,"lower":90.9,"upper":95.5,"electoral":88.6,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2007,"score":92.8,"lower":91,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.8,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2008,"score":93,"lower":91.4,"upper":95.8,"electoral":89.5,"liberal":96.2,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.1,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2009,"score":93,"lower":91.3,"upper":95.8,"electoral":89.5,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.1,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2010,"score":93,"lower":91.5,"upper":95.8,"electoral":89.5,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.5,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2011,"score":93.1,"lower":91.5,"upper":95.8,"electoral":89.7,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.5,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2012,"score":93.3,"lower":91.7,"upper":95.9,"electoral":90.7,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.3,"deliberative":98.5,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2013,"score":93.3,"lower":91.6,"upper":95.8,"electoral":90.7,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.3,"deliberative":98.4,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2014,"score":93.3,"lower":91.6,"upper":95.8,"electoral":90.7,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.3,"deliberative":98.4,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2015,"score":93.2,"lower":91.5,"upper":95.8,"electoral":90.3,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.3,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2016,"score":93.2,"lower":91.4,"upper":95.8,"electoral":90.2,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.3,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2017,"score":93.3,"lower":91.5,"upper":95.7,"electoral":90.2,"liberal":96.5,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.5,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2018,"score":93.3,"lower":91.5,"upper":95.7,"electoral":90.2,"liberal":96.6,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.5,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2019,"score":93.2,"lower":91.4,"upper":95.7,"electoral":90.2,"liberal":96.6,"participatory":87.7,"deliberative":98.3,"egalitarian":93.2},{"year":2020,"score":93.1,"lower":91.3,"upper":95.7,"electoral":90.2,"liberal":96,"participatory":87.3,"deliberative":98.3,"egalitarian":93.8},{"year":2021,"score":93.1,"lower":91.3,"upper":95.8,"electoral":89.6,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.6},{"year":2022,"score":93,"lower":91.2,"upper":95.7,"electoral":89.3,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.6},{"year":2023,"score":92.7,"lower":90.7,"upper":95.4,"electoral":88.4,"liberal":96.1,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98,"egalitarian":93.1},{"year":2024,"score":93.1,"lower":91.3,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.2,"liberal":97,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.4,"egalitarian":93.9},{"year":2025,"score":93.1,"lower":91.4,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.2,"liberal":96.9,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.4,"egalitarian":93.9}],"firstYear":1900,"lastYear":2025,"latest":{"year":2025,"score":93.1,"lower":91.4,"upper":95.6,"electoral":88.2,"liberal":96.9,"participatory":88.2,"deliberative":98.4,"egalitarian":93.9},"rank":1,"totalRanked":179,"weakest":"electoral","changes":{"1":0,"5":0,"10":-0.1,"25":0.6}}}